Comprehensive pickling ndipassivation wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kuchotsa madontho osiyanasiyana amafuta, dzimbiri, khungu la oxide, mafupa a solder ndi zinyalala zina.Pambuyo mankhwala, pamwamba uniformly siliva woyera, bwino kwambiri kukana dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, oyenera mbali zosiyanasiyana zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mbale ndi zipangizo.
Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zachuma komanso zothandiza, ndikuwonjezera zoletsa zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke zitsulo ndi hydrogen embrittlement, komanso kupondereza kubadwa kwa nkhungu ya asidi.Makamaka oyenera zogwirira ntchito zazing'ono komanso zovuta, zomwe siziyenera kupaka, kuposa zinthu zofanana pamsika.
Malinga ndi kuuma kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi sikelo ya oxide, yankho loyambirira lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1-4 musanagwiritse ntchito;Ferrite, Martensite ndi austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili ndi nickel otsika (monga 420.430.200.201.202.300. Pambuyo pa dilution, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chokhala ndi nickel yapamwamba (monga 304), 321.316.316L;Nthawi zambiri, mutatha kutentha kapena kutentha kwa 50 ~ 60 ℃, zilowerereni kwa mphindi 3-20 kapena kuposerapo (nthawi yeniyeni ndi kutentha zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi mayesero) mpaka dothi likuchotsedwa kwathunthu, loyera loyera. , kupanga yunifolomu ndi wandiweyani kungokhala chete filimu.Mukatha kuchiza, chitulutseni, chisambitseni ndi madzi oyera, ndikuchichotsa ndi madzi amchere kapena Laimu.
Kufunika kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pickling ndi passivation
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, kutentha kwambiri kwa okosijeni, kuchita bwino kwa kutentha pang'ono, komanso makina abwino ndi R katundu.Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, mafuta, mphamvu, Nuclear engineering, zamlengalenga, m'madzi, mankhwala, makampani kuwala, nsalu ndi zina.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuletsa dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri.Kukana dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri makamaka zimadalira pamwamba passivation filimu.Ngati filimuyo ndi yosakwanira kapena yolakwika, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chidzawonongekabe.Acid pickling ndi passivation amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga uinjiniya kuti alimbikitse kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Pa mapangidwe, msonkhano, kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera anayendera (monga kuzindikira chilema, kuthamanga mayeso), ndi kumanga chizindikiro ndondomeko ya zipangizo zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, pamwamba mafuta madontho, dzimbiri, dothi sanali zitsulo, otsika kusungunuka mfundo zoipitsa zitsulo, utoto, kuwotcherera slag, ndi splashes zingakhudze pamwamba khalidwe la zipangizo zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuwononga filimu okusayidi pamwamba pawo, kuchepetsa comprehensive and local corrosiveness wa zitsulo (kuphatikizapo pitting dzimbiri), kusiyana dzimbiri), ndipo ngakhale kuyambitsa kupsinjika dzimbiri akulimbana. .
Kuyeretsa pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pickling ndi passivation sikungangowonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri mpaka pazipita, komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi kukwaniritsa zokongoletsa.GBl50-1998 "Ziwiya Zokakamiza Zitsulo" zimanena kuti pamwamba pa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ziyenera kudulidwa ndikudutsa.Lamuloli limagwira ntchito ku zombo zokakamiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani a petrochemical.Monga zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe zimakumana ndi zowononga zowononga, ndikofunikira kuti mufotokozere ku pickling ndi passivation ya asidi kuti zitsimikizire kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri.Kwa zigawo zina zamakampani, ngati sizili zopewera dzimbiri, zimangotengera zofunikira zaukhondo ndi zokongoletsa, pomwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichifuna pickling ndi passivation.Koma ma welds a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimafunikanso pickling ndi passivation Kwa zida zina zamakina zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa kuyeretsa kwa asidi ndi passivation, sing'anga yapamwamba yoyera idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomaliza kuyeretsa kapena kuyeretsa makina, kumaliza chemistry ndi Electropolishing.
Mfundo za Stainless Steel Pickling ndi Passivation
Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri makamaka chifukwa chakuti pamwamba pake amakutidwa ndi filimu yowonda kwambiri (pafupifupi 1) nm) yomwe imalekanitsa zowononga ndipo imakhala ngati chotchinga chachikulu chachitetezo chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Stainless steel passivation ali ndi mawonekedwe osinthika ndipo sayenera kuonedwa ngati kutha kwa dzimbiri.M'malo mwake, chotchinga chotchinga chiyenera kupangidwa, kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anode.Kawirikawiri, pamene pali chochepetsera (monga chloride ions), nembanembayo imakhala yowonongeka, ndipo pamene pali oxidizing agent (monga mpweya), nembanemba imatha kusungidwa kapena kukonzedwa.
Zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimayikidwa mumlengalenga zidzapanga filimu ya oxide, koma chitetezo chawo sichili changwiro.Kawirikawiri, kuyeretsa bwino kumachitika poyamba, kuphatikizapo kutsuka kwa alkaline ndi asidi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi passivation ndi oxidant kuonetsetsa kukhulupirika ndi kukhazikika kwa filimu yodutsa.Chimodzi mwazolinga za pickling ndi kulenga zinthu zabwino kwa passivation mankhwala ndi kuonetsetsa mapangidwe apamwamba passivation mafilimu.Kutsuka kwa asidi kumayambitsa dzimbiri pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi makulidwe apakati a 10m.Mankhwala amtundu wa asidi amapangitsa kuti kusungunuka kwa malo a chilema kukhala apamwamba kuposa mbali zina za pamwamba.Chifukwa chake, kutsuka kwa asidi kumatha kupangitsa kuti malo onse azikhala bwino ndikuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zingawononge.Koma chofunika kwambiri, kudzera mu pickling ya asidi ndi passivation, chitsulo ndi chitsulo okusayidi amasungunula kuposa chromium ndi chromium oxides, kuchotsa osauka chromium wosanjikiza, kuchititsa chromium wolemera pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kuthekera kwa filimu yolemera ya chromium passivation kumatha kufika +1.0V (SCE), yomwe ili pafupi ndi kuthekera kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala imatha kukhudzanso kapangidwe ka filimuyo, potero imakhudza kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri.Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu chithandizo cha electrochemical modification, filimu yodutsa imatha kukhala ndi zigawo zambiri ndikupanga CrO3 kapena Cr2O3 muzitsulo zotchinga, kapena kupanga filimu ya galasi ya oxide kuti ipititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
1.Stainless zitsulo pickling ndi passivation njira
Njira yopangira impregnation imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zomwe zitha kuyikidwa mu akasinja kapena matanki ophatikizika, koma sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ya pickling mu zida zazikulu, zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zotsika mtengo;Chida chachikulu cha voliyumu chimadzazidwa ndi asidi, ndipo kumwa kwamadzi omiza ndikokwera kwambiri.
Oyenera mkati pamwamba ndi m'deralo thupi ntchito zida zazikulu.Kusagwira ntchito bwino komanso kulephera kubwezeretsa asidi.
Njira ya phala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo oyika kapena kukonza, makamaka pa ntchito zamanja mu dipatimenti yowotcherera.Mkhalidwe wa ntchito ndi woipa ndipo mtengo wopangira ndi wokwera.
Njira yopopera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo oyikapo, okhala ndi voliyumu yamadzi otsika pakhoma lamkati la zotengera zazikulu, zotsika mtengo, komanso kuthamanga kwachangu, koma zimafunikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfuti yapopera ndi dongosolo lozungulira.
Njira yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazikulu, monga zosinthira kutentha.Kupanga mankhwala a chubu ndi chipolopolo ndikosavuta, ndipo yankho la asidi lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.Zimafunika kulumikiza mapaipi ndi mpope kumayendedwe ozungulira.
Njira za electrochemical sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazigawo zokha, komanso zochizira pamwamba pazida zapamalo.Tekinolojeyi ndi yovuta ndipo imafuna magetsi a DC kapena potentiostat.
2.Pickling ndi passivation ndondomeko
Kutsuka ndi kuyeretsa dothi → Kutsuka gawo loyeretsa madzi
3.Pretreatment pamaso pickling ndi passivation
3.1 Malinga ndi zofunikira za zojambula ndi ndondomeko zikalata, kuchita pickling asidi ndi passivation chisanadze mankhwala pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena mbali pambuyo kupanga.
3. Weld msoko ndi kuwotcherera slag mbali zonse.Tsukani zothimbirira, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito petulo kapena choyeretsera kuchotsa madontho amafuta ndi zinyalala zina pamwamba pazigawo zopangira zida.
3.3 Pochotsa zinthu zakunja kumbali zonse ziwiri za msoko wowotcherera, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, fosholo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena gudumu lopera kuti muchotse, ndikutsuka ndi madzi oyera (ndi kloride ion okhutira osapitirira 25mg / l).
Mafuta akakhala ovuta kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya 3-5% yamchere kuti muchotse banga lamafuta ndikutsuka bwino ndi madzi oyera.
3. Kuphulika kwa mchenga kumawotchi kumatha kuchotsa khungu la oxide la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Zigawo zogwira ntchito zotentha, ndipo mchenga uyenera kukhala silicon yoyera kapena aluminium oxide.
3.6 Kupanga njira zodzitetezera ku pickling ndi passivation, ndikuwunika zida zofunika ndi zida zotetezera ntchito.
4.Acid pickling, passivation solution ndi phala chilinganizo
4.1 Njira yothetsera asidi yotsuka: nitric acid (1).42) 20%, hydrofluoric acid 5%, ndipo ena onse ndi madzi.Pamwambapa ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu.
4.2 Acid kuyeretsa kirimu chilinganizo: 20 milliliters hydrochloric acid (chiŵerengero 1.19), 100 milliliters madzi, 30 milliliters nitric acid (chiŵerengero 1.42), ndi 150 magalamu a bentonite.
4. Passivation solution formula: nitric acid (chiwerengero 1).42) 5%, Potaziyamu dichromate 4g, ena onse ndi madzi.Pamwambapa kuchuluka kwa kugwa, passivation kutentha ndi firiji.
4.4 Passivation phala chilinganizo: 30ml nitric acid (concentration 67%), 4g Potaziyamu dichromate, kuwonjezera bentonite (100-200 mauna) ndi kusonkhezera kuti muiike.
5.Acid pickling ndi ntchito passivation
5.1 Zotengera zokha kapena zida zomwe zidasankhidwa kale kuthandizidwa ndizomwe zitha kuchitidwa ndi pickling ndi passivation.
5. 2 Acid pickling njira zimagwiritsa ntchito wonse mankhwala ang`onoang`ono unprocessed mbali, ndipo akhoza sprayed.Kutentha kwa yankho kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mphindi 10 zilizonse pa kutentha kwa 21-60 ℃ mpaka kumaliza kokhala koyera kwa asidi kumakhalapo.
5.3 Pickling phala Kutola ndi koyenera kwambiri kutengera ziwiya zazikulu kapena kukonza komweko.Pa kutentha, yeretsani phala la pickling pazida (pafupifupi 2-3mm wandiweyani), lisiyeni kwa ola limodzi, kenaka tsukani pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha waya mpaka yunifolomu yoyera ya asidi ikuwonekera.
5.4 Passivation yankho makamaka oyenera chithandizo chonse cha zotengera zazing'ono kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndipo akhoza kumizidwa kapena sprayed.Pamene kutentha kwa yankho ndi 48-60 ℃, yang'anani mphindi 20 zilizonse, ndipo kutentha kwa yankho kuli 21-47 ℃, fufuzani ola lililonse mpaka filimu yowonetsera yunifolomu ipangidwe pamwamba.
5.5 Passivation phala makamaka oyenera muli zazikulu kapena processing m'deralo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana pamwamba pa chidebe chofufumitsa (pafupifupi 2-3mm) kutentha kwa firiji ndikuyang'aniridwa kwa ola limodzi mpaka filimu yowonetsera yunifolomu ipangidwe pamwamba.
5.6 Zotengera za acidic pickling ndi passivation kapena zigawo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera pamtunda., Gwiritsani ntchito pepala loyesa la acidic litmus kuyesa gawo lililonse la malo otsuka, kuti mutsuka pamwamba ndi madzi okhala ndi pH yapakati pa 6.5 ndi 7.5, ndiyeno pukutani kapena kuwomba ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa.
5.7.Pambuyo pickling ndi passivation, ndikoletsedwa kuti zikande filimu passivation pamene akugwira, kukweza, ndi kusunga muli ndi mbali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-08-2023