The makina ntchito yamipope yachitsulo yopanda msokondi cholinga chofunikira chowonetsetsa kuti ntchito yomaliza (makina) yachitsulo imagwira ntchito, zomwe zimadalira kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kutentha kwazitsulo.M'matchulidwe a chitoliro chachitsulo, ntchito yamakomedwe (mphamvu yamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola kapena zokolola, elongation), zolinga zolimba ndi zolimba, komanso ntchito zotentha komanso zotsika zomwe zimafunidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, zimafotokozedwa molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
① Kulimba mtima (σb)
Mphamvu yayikulu (Fb) yomwe idalandilidwa ndi chitsanzo panthawi yopuma, yogawidwa ndi kupsinjika komwe kumapezeka pogawa gawo loyambira (So) lachitsanzo ( σ ） （ σ） （ σ） （ σ） （ σ） （ σ b), mu N /mm2 (MPa).Zimasonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zachitsulo kukana kuwonongeka pansi pa mphamvu yamphamvu.
② Malo ogonjera (σs)
Kupanikizika komwe zitsulo zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zochitika zololera zimatha kupitilirabe popanda kuwonjezera mphamvu (kusunga bata) panthawi yotambasula kumatchedwa malo operekera.Ngati pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu, zokolola zapamwamba ndi zotsika ziyenera kusiyanitsa.Gawo lotsata mfundo ndi N/mm2 (MPa).
Superior inflection point ( σ Su): Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa chitsanzo chisanayambe kuchepa kwa mphamvu chifukwa chololera;Gawo logawika ( σ SL): Kupsinjika kochepa mu gawo lololera pomwe zotsatira zoyambira nthawi yomweyo sizimaganiziridwa.
Fomula yowerengera ya inflection point ndi:
Muchilinganizo: Fs - mphamvu yopindika panthawi yokhazikika ya chitsanzo (chokhazikika), N (Newton) Choncho - gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2.
③ Kutalikirana pambuyo pakusweka (σ)
Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa utali wowonjezedwa ku kutalika kwa sikelo pambuyo pakusweka poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa geji yoyambirira kumatchedwa elongation.ndi σ Ikuwonetsa kuti gawolo ndi%.Fomula yowerengera ndi:
Mu chilinganizo: L1- gauge kutalika kwa chitsanzo pambuyo fracture, mm;L0- Kutalika kwa geji yoyambirira yachitsanzo, mm.
④Gawo lochepetsera( ψ)
Pakuyesa kovutirapo, kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa gawo lodutsa pagawo locheperako lachitsanzo pambuyo posweka kumatchedwa kuchuluka kwa gawo loyambira, lomwe limatchedwa gawo lochepetsetsa.ndiψ Imawonetsa kuti unit ndi%.Fomula yowerengera ili motere:
Mu chilinganizo: S0- Choyambirira chodutsa gawo lachitsanzo, mm2;S1- Malo ocheperako pang'onopang'ono pamtunda wocheperako wa chitsanzo pambuyo pa kusweka, mm2.
⑤Kuuma chandamale(HB）
Kukhoza kwa zipangizo zachitsulo kukana kukakamizidwa kwa zinthu zolimba pamtunda kumatchedwa kuuma.Malingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, kuuma kungathe kugawidwa kukhala Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, Shore hardness, microhardness, ndi kuuma kwa kutentha kwakukulu.Pali mitundu itatu ya mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: Brinell, Rockwell, ndi Vickers kuuma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-14-2023