Kutentha mankhwala ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pokonza zitsulo zipangizo.Kutentha mankhwala akhoza kusintha thupi ndi makina zimatha zitsulo zipangizo, kusintha kuuma kwawo, mphamvu, toughness, ndi katundu wina.
Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi kotetezeka, kodalirika, kopanda ndalama, komanso kothandiza, akatswiri opanga zomangamanga nthawi zambiri amafunikira kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe azinthu, sankhani njira zoyenera zochizira kutentha kutengera zomwe zimafunikira komanso mawonekedwe azinthu, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito. utali wamoyo.Zotsatirazi ndi njira 13 zochiritsira kutentha zokhudzana ndi zipangizo zachitsulo, kuyembekezera kukhala zothandiza kwa aliyense.
1. Kudziletsa
Njira yochizira kutentha yomwe zida zachitsulo zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha koyenera, kusungidwa kwa nthawi inayake, kenako kuzirala pang'onopang'ono.Cholinga cha annealing makamaka kuchepetsa kuuma kwa zitsulo zipangizo, kusintha plasticity, kuthandizira kudula kapena kupanikizika, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kotsalira, kupititsa patsogolo kufanana kwa microstructure ndi kapangidwe kake, kapena kukonzekera microstructure kuti ichiritse kutentha.Njira zodziwikiratu zophatikizika zimaphatikizira kuyikanso kwa recrystallization annealing, annealing wathunthu, spheroidization annealing, ndi kutsitsa kupsinjika.
Complete annealing: Yenga kukula kwa tirigu, mawonekedwe ofanana, kuchepetsa kuuma, kuthetsa kwathunthu kupsinjika kwamkati.Annealing wathunthu ndi oyenera forgings kapena zitsulo castings ndi carbon content (chigawo misa) pansi 0.8%.
Spheroidizing annealing: imachepetsa kuuma kwa chitsulo, imathandizira kudula, ndikukonzekera kuzimitsa mtsogolo kuti muchepetse kupunduka ndi kusweka pambuyo kuzimitsa.Spheroidizing annealing ndi yoyenera chitsulo cha carbon ndi alloy chida chokhala ndi carbon content (chigawo chambiri) choposa 0,8%.
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika: Kumachotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika panthawi yowotcherera ndi kuwongola kuzizira kwa zitsulo, kumachotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika panthawi yokonza magawo, komanso kumalepheretsa kusinthika pakakonzedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndi koyenera kwa ma castings osiyanasiyana, ma forging, ma welded, ndi zigawo zoziziritsa.
2. Kukhazikika
Zimatanthawuza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa zitsulo kapena zigawo zachitsulo kutentha kwa 30-50 ℃ pamwamba pa Ac3 kapena Acm (kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwachitsulo), kuzigwira kwa nthawi yoyenera, ndi kuziziziritsa mumlengalenga.Cholinga cha normalizing makamaka kusintha mawotchi katundu wa otsika mpweya zitsulo, kusintha machinability, yeretsani tirigu kukula, kuthetsa zolakwika structural, ndi kukonzekera dongosolo wotsatira kutentha mankhwala.
3. Kuzimitsa
Zimatanthawuza njira yotenthetsera kutentha kwa chigawo chachitsulo ku kutentha pamwamba pa Ac3 kapena Ac1 (kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwachitsulo), ndikuisunga kwa nthawi inayake, ndiyeno kupeza martensite (kapena bainite) kapangidwe kake. kuzirala koyenera.Cholinga cha kuzimitsa ndikupeza dongosolo la martensitic lofunikira pazigawo zachitsulo, kukonza kuuma, mphamvu, ndi kuvala kukana kwa workpiece, ndikukonzekera dongosolo la chithandizo cha kutentha chotsatira.
Njira zozimitsa zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizira kuzimitsa madzi amchere, kuzimitsa kwapamwamba kwa martensitic, kuzimitsa kwapadera kwa isothermal, kuzimitsa pamwamba, ndi kuzimitsa kwanuko.
Kuzimitsa kwamadzi kumodzi: Kuzimitsa kwamadzi kumodzi kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za carbon ndi alloy zitsulo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso zofunikira zochepa zaukadaulo.Pa kuzimitsidwa, pazigawo zazitsulo za kaboni zokhala ndi m'mimba mwake kapena makulidwe akulu kuposa 5-8mm, madzi amchere kapena kuziziritsa madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;Aloyi zitsulo mbali utakhazikika ndi mafuta.
Kuzimitsa kwamadzi kawiri: Kutenthetsa zitsulo pa kutentha kozimitsa, mutatha kutchinjiriza, kuziziziritsa mwachangu m'madzi mpaka 300-400 º C, ndiyeno kuzitumiza ku mafuta kuti ziziziziritsa.
Kuzimitsa moto wamoto: Kuzimitsa kwamoto kumakhala koyenera zitsulo zazikulu zapakati pa kaboni ndi zitsulo zapakatikati za carbon alloy, monga ma crankshafts, magiya, ndi njanji zowongolera, zomwe zimafunikira malo olimba komanso osamva kuvala ndipo zimatha kupirira katundu wambiri pakupanga gulu limodzi kapena laling'ono. .
Kuwumitsa kwapamtunda: Zigawo zomwe zakhala zikuwumitsidwa pamtunda zimakhala zolimba komanso zosavala, pomwe zimasunga mphamvu zabwino komanso kulimba pachimake.Kuwumitsa kwapamtunda ndikoyenera chitsulo chapakati cha carbon ndi alloy zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
4. Kutentha
Zimatanthawuza njira yochizira kutentha komwe mbali zachitsulo zimazimitsidwa kenako zimatenthedwa kutentha pansi pa Ac1, zomwe zimasungidwa kwa nthawi inayake, kenako zimakhazikika kutentha.Cholinga cha kutentha ndicho kuthetsa kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi zigawo zachitsulo panthawi yozimitsa, kotero kuti mbali zachitsulo zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi kuvala kukana, komanso pulasitiki yofunikira ndi kulimba.Njira zodziwikiratu zimaphatikizanso kutsika kwa kutentha, kutentha kwapakati, kutentha kwambiri, etc.
Kutentha kwapang'ono: Kutentha kochepa kumachotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzimitsidwa m'zigawo zachitsulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zodulira, zida zoyezera, nkhungu, mayendedwe ogubuduza, ndi magawo a carburized.
Kutentha kwapakatikati: Kutentha kwapakatikati kumathandizira kuti zida zachitsulo zizitha kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwina, komanso kulimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akasupe, masitampu otentha amafa, ndi mbali zina.
Kutentha kwapamwamba: Kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zigawo zazitsulo zitheke kukwaniritsa makina abwino, monga mphamvu zambiri, kulimba, ndi kuuma kokwanira, kuthetsa nkhawa zamkati zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuzimitsa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagawo ofunikira omwe amafunikira mphamvu komanso kulimba mtima, monga ma spindles, crankshafts, makamera, magiya, ndi ndodo zolumikizira.
5. Kuthetsa & Kutentha
Zimatanthawuza kuphatikizika kwa kutentha kwazitsulo zozimitsa ndi kutenthetsa zitsulo kapena zigawo zachitsulo.Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa ndi kutentha chimatchedwa quenched and tempered steel.Nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza zitsulo zapakati pa carbon structural steel ndi medium carbon alloy structural steel.
6. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mankhwala
Njira yochizira kutentha yomwe chitsulo kapena aloyi workpiece imayikidwa mu sing'anga yogwira pa kutentha kwina kwa kutchinjiriza, kulola chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo kulowa pamwamba pake kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ake, kapangidwe, ndi magwiridwe ake.Cholinga cha mankhwala kutentha kutentha makamaka kukonza kuuma pamwamba, kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri, kutopa mphamvu, ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana mbali zitsulo.Njira zochizira kutentha kwamankhwala zimaphatikizapo carburization, nitriding, carbonitriding, etc.
Carburization: Kukwaniritsa kuuma kwakukulu (HRC60-65) ndi kuvala kukana pamwamba, ndikusunga kulimba kwakukulu pakati.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosavala komanso zosagwira ntchito monga mawilo, magiya, ma shaft, ma piston, ndi zina.
Nitriding: Kupititsa patsogolo kuuma, kukana kuvala, ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa pamwamba pazitsulo zazitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zofunika monga mabawuti, mtedza, ndi mapini.
Carbonitriding: bwino kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa pamwamba wosanjikiza mbali zitsulo, oyenera otsika mpweya zitsulo, sing'anga mpweya zitsulo, kapena mbali aloyi zitsulo, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito mkulu-liwiro zida kudula zitsulo.
7. Olimba njira mankhwala
Zimatanthawuza njira yochizira kutentha kwa kutentha kwa aloyi kumalo otentha kwambiri a gawo limodzi ndi kusunga kutentha kosalekeza, kulola kuti gawo lowonjezera lisungunuke mu njira yolimba ndikuzizira mofulumira kuti mupeze yankho la supersaturated olimba.Cholinga cha njira yothetsera mankhwala makamaka kusintha plasticity ndi kulimba kwa zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo, ndi kukonzekera mvula kuumitsa mankhwala.
8. Kuchuluka kwamvula (kulimbitsa mvula)
Njira yochizira kutentha yomwe chitsulo chimawumitsidwa chifukwa cha kulekanitsidwa kwa maatomu a solute mu njira yolimba ya supersaturated ndi/kapena kubalalitsidwa kwa tinthu tosungunuka mu masanjidwewo.Ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chikuthandizidwa ndi mvula yowumitsa zitsulo pa 400-500 ℃ kapena 700-800 ℃ pambuyo pa chithandizo cholimba kapena kuzizira, chikhoza kukwaniritsa mphamvu zambiri.
9. Chithandizo chanthawi yake
Amatanthauza kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko imene aloyi workpieces kukumana olimba njira mankhwala, ozizira pulasitiki mapindikidwe kapena kuponyera, ndiyeno anapeka, anaika pa kutentha apamwamba kapena anakhalabe firiji, ndi katundu wawo, mawonekedwe, ndi kukula kusintha pakapita nthawi.
Ngati njira yochiritsira yokalamba yotenthetsera workpiece pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikuchita chithandizo chaukalamba kwa nthawi yayitali imatengedwa, imatchedwa chithandizo cha ukalamba wochita kupanga;Chochitika cha ukalamba chomwe chimachitika pamene workpiece imasungidwa kutentha kwa firiji kapena zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali imatchedwa chithandizo cha ukalamba wachilengedwe.Cholinga cha chithandizo cha ukalamba ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati mkati mwa workpiece, kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kukula kwake, ndikuwongolera zida zamakina.
10. Kuuma mtima
Amatanthauza makhalidwe amene kudziwa quenching kuya ndi kuuma kugawa zitsulo pansi pa zinthu zina.Kuuma kwabwino kapena kosauka kwachitsulo nthawi zambiri kumaimiridwa ndi kuya kwa wosanjikiza wowuma.Kuzama kwakukulu kwa wosanjikiza woumitsa, kumakhala bwino kuuma kwachitsulo.Kuuma kwachitsulo makamaka kumadalira kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, makamaka zinthu za aloyi ndi kukula kwambewu zomwe zimawonjezera kuuma, kutentha kutentha, komanso nthawi yogwira.Chitsulo chokhala ndi kuuma bwino chimatha kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe ofananirako komanso okhazikika pamakina pagawo lonse lazitsulo, ndipo zozimitsa zoziziritsa kukhosi zokhala ndi kupsinjika pang'ono zimatha kusankhidwa kuti zichepetse kupindika ndi kusweka.
11. M'mimba mwake wovuta (m'mimba mwake wozimitsa)
The awiri ovuta amatanthauza awiri awiri a chitsulo pamene martensite onse kapena 50% martensite dongosolo analandira pakati pambuyo quenching mu sing'anga inayake.Kuzama kofunikira kwazitsulo zina kumatha kupezeka kudzera pakuyesa kulimba kwamafuta kapena madzi.
12. Kuuma kwachiwiri
Ma aloyi ena achitsulo (monga chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri) amafunikira maulendo angapo kuti awonjezere kuuma kwawo.Chochitika chowumitsa ichi, chomwe chimadziwika kuti kuuma kwachiwiri, chimayamba chifukwa cha mvula yama carbides apadera komanso / kapena kusintha kwa austenite kukhala martensite kapena bainite.
13. Kutentha kwamphamvu
Zimatanthawuza zochitika za embrittlement ya chitsulo chozimitsidwa chomwe chimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina kapena kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku kutentha kozizira kupyolera mu kutentha kumeneku.Kupsa mtima kungathe kugawidwa mu mtundu woyamba wa brittleness ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa brittleness.
Mtundu woyamba wa brittleness waukali, womwe umadziwikanso kuti kupsa mtima kosasinthika, umapezeka makamaka pakutentha kwa 250-400 ℃.Pambuyo brittleness kutha pambuyo kutenthedwa, brittleness mobwerezabwereza mu mndandanda ndipo sikuchitikanso;
Mtundu wachiwiri wa kupsa mtima, womwe umadziwikanso kuti reversible temper brittleness, umapezeka pa kutentha koyambira 400 mpaka 650 ℃.Chiphuphucho chikatha chikatha kutenthedwa, chiyenera kuzirala msanga ndipo sichiyenera kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono pakati pa 400 mpaka 650 ℃, apo ayi zochititsa chidwi zidzachitikanso.
Kupezeka kwa brittleness yaukali kumakhudzana ndi zinthu za alloy zomwe zili muzitsulo, monga manganese, chromium, silicon, ndi faifi tambala, zomwe zimakonda kukulitsa kupsa mtima, pomwe molybdenum ndi tungsten zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chofooketsa kupsa mtima.
New Gapower Metalndi katswiri zitsulo mankhwala suppler.Chitoliro chachitsulo, koyilo ndi mipiringidzo yazitsulo zikuphatikizapo ST35 ST37 ST44 ST52 42CRMO4, S45C CK45 SAE4130 SAE4140 SCM440 etc. Takulandilani kasitomala kuti mufunse ndikupita ku fakitale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-23-2023