Miyezo Yoyendera ya ISO Non Metallic Inspection:
(1) ISO 4967:2013
ISO 4967: 2013 "Kutsimikiza kwa Zinthu Zopanda Zitsulo Zophatikizidwa mu Zitsulo - Standard Rating Chart Microscopic Inspection Method" imalowa m'malo mwa ISO 4967-1998, koma zomwe zili mkati mwake zangosintha pang'ono, ndipo njira yake yoyendera ndi tchati chowunikira sizinasinthe.Mtundu wa 1988 wa muyezo uwu watengedwa chimodzimodzi ndi GB/T 10561-2005.
(2) ISO 9341-1996
TS EN ISO 9341-1996 Optics ndi zida zowonera - Kutsimikiza kwa kusakwanira kwa zophatikizika ndi zolakwika zapamtunda pamagalasi osasunthika "Kumawonetsa njira ndi masitepe ozindikira zophatikizika ndi zolakwika zapamtunda pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi osasunthika.Idasiyidwa mu 2006 ndikusinthidwa ndi ISO 18369.3: 2006 "Optics and Optical instruments - Contact lens - Gawo 3: Njira Zoyesera".
Miyezo yowunikira yaku America yopanda zitsulo:
(1) ASTM B796-2014
ASTM B796-2014 "Njira Yoyesera Yopanda Zitsulo Zophatikizira Zomwe Zili mu Powder Forged Parts", m'malo mwa ASTM B796-2007, ndiyoyenera kutsimikiza kwazitsulo zamagulu osagwirizana ndi zitsulo m'zigawo zopangidwa ndi ufa, zomwe zimafuna 100% porosity kuzindikira m'malo oyambira. wa chitsanzo.Ngati pali mipata, n'zovuta kusiyanitsa pores yotsalira ndi oxide inclusions.
(2) ASTM E45-2013
ASTM E45-2013 "Njira Yoyesera Yodziwira Zomwe Zilipo mu Zitsulo" ndi njira yowunikira yosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitsulo, yomwe imaphatikizapo njira zinayi zoyendera macroscopic ndi njira zisanu zowunikira zazing'ono (kusanthula pamanja ndi zithunzi) pofotokoza zomwe zili muzitsulo. ndi njira yoperekera lipoti ya zotsatira zoyendera.Njira zisanu zoyendera ma microscopic zikuphatikizapo: Njira (njira yoipitsitsa kwambiri), B njira (njira yautali), C njira (njira ya oxide ndi silicate) D njira (njira yochepetsera kuphatikizika) ndi E njira (njira ya SAM rating);ASTM E45 yakhazikitsa mamapu angapo ofotokozera (mamapu a JK ndi mamapu a SAE) kuti afotokoze mawonekedwe (kukula, mtundu, ndi kuchuluka) kwa zophatikizika.Mapu a SAE angapezeke mu ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya J422 mu bukhu la SAE;Mawonekedwe a Njira A (mawonekedwe oyipa kwambiri), Njira D (zochepa zophatikizira), ndi Njira E (chiwerengero cha SAM) zidapangidwa potengera mawonekedwe a JK, pomwe Njira C (njira za oxide ndi silicate) idagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a SAE.
(3) ASTM E1122-1996
ASTM E1122-1996 "Standard Test Method Yodziwira Mulingo Wophatikizidwa wa JK ndi Automatic Image Analysis" idayimitsidwa mu 2006 ndipo yaphatikizidwa mu ASTM E45-2013 yosinthidwa kumene, Njira A ndi D.
(4) ASTM E1245-2003 (2008)
ASTM E1245-2003 (2008) "Njira Yoyezetsa Yodziwikiratu Kuphatikizika kapena Gawo Lachiwiri la Zomangamanga mu Zitsulo ndi Automated Image Analysis.".Zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yazithunzi zodziwikiratu kuti muwunikire zomwe zili mkati mwa inclusions ndi gawo lachiwiri la microstructure muzitsulo.Chifukwa cha kufalikira komanso kusadziŵika bwino kwa zinthu zakunja, muyeso uwu siwogwiritsidwa ntchito powunika zakunja kwachitsulo kapena zitsulo zina.
(5) ASTM E2142-2008
ASTM E2142-2008 "Njira Yoyesera Yowunikira ndi Kugawa Zophatikizidwa mu Zitsulo ndi Scanning Electron Microscopy".Malinga ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ASTM E45 ndi ASTM E1245, kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili muzitsulo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ya electron;Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka, kukula, ndi morphology kugawa kwa inclusions kumagawidwa molingana ndi njira zama mankhwala.
(6) ASTM E2283-2008 (2014)
Monga momwe zimadziwika bwino, kulephera kwa zida zamakina monga magiya ndi zonyamula nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zopanda zitsulo zokhala ndi oxide inclusions.Kuwona kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zida zolephera nthawi zambiri kumayang'ana kukhalapo kwa inclusions.Kuneneratu kwa moyo wa kutopa kwa zigawo zomwe zidalephera sizingawunikidwe moyenera ndi miyezo yowunikira yophatikizika monga ASTM E45, ASTM E1122, ndi ASTM E1245.ASTM E2283-2008 (2014) "Code for Analysis of Extreme Values of Non Metallic Inclusions ndi Other Microstructure Characteristics in Steel" adatuluka pansi pazimenezi.Muyezo uwu umapanga njira yokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamtengo wapatali, komwe kumakhudzana ndi moyo wamagulu ndi kagawidwe kake kakuphatikiza.Monga ASTM E1245-2003 (2008), muyezo uwu siwogwira ntchito pakuwunika kwakunja kwachitsulo ndi zitsulo zina.
Miyezo yakuwunika yaku Germany yopanda zitsulo:
(1) DIN 50602-1985
DIN 50602-1985 "Njira yoyezera ma Microscopic pakuwunika zomwe zili muzitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula zachitsulo" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati njira yowunikira ma microscopic pakuyika zinthu zopanda zitsulo muzitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri, zotchulidwa ndi oposa 120. Miyezo yamankhwala.Muyezo uwu umagawanitsa osakhala azitsulo muzitsulo m'magulu anayi: mtundu wa SS, mtundu wa OA, mtundu wa OS, ndi mtundu wa OG, womwe umagwirizana ndi sulfide inclusions, oxide inclusions, silicate inclusions, ndi spherical oxide inclusions, motero.Mitundu inayi ya inclusions imagawidwa m'magulu 9, oimiridwa ndi 0-8.Miyezo yoyandikana nayo imabweretsa kusiyana kowirikiza kawiri malo ophatikizidwa.Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo ndi ng'anjo imodzi kapena gulu lazinthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala zitsanzo zosachepera 6.Ma grafu atatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa ma inclusions.Pa mlingo womwewo, sulfide inclusions (mtundu wa SS) ndi spherical oxide inclusions (mtundu wa OG) amagawidwa m'magulu awiri kutengera kusiyana kwa kuphatikizika m'lifupi ndi makulidwe, pamene oxide inclusions (mtundu wa OA) ndi silicate inclusions (mtundu wa OS) amagawidwa kukhala atatu mndandanda.Mumtundu uliwonse wophatikizika ndi mndandanda uliwonse, kutalika kofananira kwa ma inclusions kumaperekedwa, ndipo tebulo lautali lolingana ndi ma inclusions amitundu yosiyanasiyana limaperekedwanso.Pali njira ziwiri zowunika za DIN 50602-1985: Njira ya M ndi K.Njira ya M ndiyo kulemba mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa inclusions pa dera lonse loyang'aniridwa, ndipo mutatha kuyesa padera ndi kujambula zosiyana siyana mu chitsanzo chosankhidwa, kuwerengera tanthauzo la masamu.Njira ya K imawerengera ma inclusions kuchokera pamlingo wodziwika, kotero muyezo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazitsulo zapadera.Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kotsika kwambiri kumadalira momwe chitsulo chimasungunulira, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, ndi kukula kwazinthu.Nambala pambuyo pa K imayimira kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika pogwiritsa ntchito graph.Mwachitsanzo, K4 imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zochitika zamagulu ophatikizika kuyambira pa mlingo 4. Mlingo wa inclusions umasiyana, ndipo ma coefficients awo owopsa amasiyananso.Kuchulukitsa pafupipafupi ndi coefficient kumapereka chiwerengero chonse cha zophatikizika mu chitsanzo chimodzi.Chiwerengero chonse cha ma inclusions mu zitsanzo zonse mu gulu lachitsanzo chikuwonjezeredwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasinthidwa kukhala 1000 mm2, yomwe ndi chiwerengero chonse cha inclusions.K4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo powerengera, mitundu ya OS nthawi zambiri imatchedwa OA.Pakadali pano, mulingo uwu sunagwire ntchito ndipo palibe mulingo watsopano wosinthidwa kuti ulowe m'malo.Komiti yake yaukadaulo imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito DIN EN 10247-2007 pakuwunika zomwe zili muzitsulo zopanda zitsulo.
(2) DIN EN 10247-2007
TS EN 10247-2007 Kuwunika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo zophatikizika muchitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi wamba" ndi njira yowunikira zitsulo zosaphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo muzitsulo zopangidwa motengera mtundu wa DIN V ENV 10247-1998 "Mayeso a Microscopic za zinthu zopanda zitsulo zophatikizika muzitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zokhazikika ”.Muyezo uwu umagawaniza zosakhala zachitsulo muzitsulo mumitundu isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imayimiridwa ndi EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, ndi AD, Njira zowunikira zimagawidwa mu P njira (njira yoyipitsitsa kwambiri), M njira (mawonedwe oyipa kwambiri). njira), ndi njira ya K (njira yowonera gawo), yomwe njira ya M ndi K imagwirizana ndi DIN 50602
Kufotokozera mu 1985 kumagwirizana kwenikweni, ndipo miyezo yambiri yopangidwa kumene ku Europe yayamba kufotokoza mulingo uwu.
(3) Zina
Miyezo yoyezetsa yokhudzana ndi kuwunika kwazinthu zopanda zitsulo zikuphatikizanso: SEP 1570-1971 "Njira Yoyang'anira Microscopic Yopanda Zitsulo Zophatikizika Zomwe Zili ndi Zitsulo Zapadera", SEP 1570-1971 (Zowonjezera) "Njira Yoyang'ana Zosachepera Zazitsulo Zopanda Zitsulo". Ma chart a Content Rating A Fine and Long Special Steel”, ndi SEP 1572-1971 “Microscopic Inspection Method for Sulfide Content Rating Charts of Free Cutting Steel”
Miyezo yoyang'anira zophatikizira zopanda zitsulo m'maiko ena:
JIS G 0555: 2003 "Njira yoyesera ya microscopic ya inclusions yopanda zitsulo muzitsulo" (muyezo wa ku Japan).
Ndi njira yoyesera ya microscopic yodziwira zophatikizika zosakhala zitsulo muzinthu zachitsulo zopindidwa kapena zopukutira (zokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana osachepera 3).Njira zenizeni zowunikira zophatikizira mu muyezo uwu zimagawidwa mu njira A, njira ya B, ndi njira yowerengera ma point microscopic inspection.Njira ya A ndi njira ya B imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi njira yoyimira mu ISO 4967: 2013, ndipo njira yowerengera mfundo imayimira chiyero chachitsulo ndi kuchuluka kwa dera lomwe limakhala ndi inclusions.Muyezo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kuyenerera kwachitsulo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, koma chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa oyesera, zimakhala zovuta kupeza zotsatira zokhutiritsa, kotero kuti zitsanzo zambiri ndi zolosera zimafunika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
BS 7926-1998 (R2014) "Njira yochulukira ya micrographic yodziwira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo muzitsulo" (British standard),
Njira ziwiri zojambulira zithunzithunzi zazing'ono zodziwira zomwe zili muzitsulo zopanda zitsulo muzitsulo zotayidwa zinafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.Chigawo cha dera la osakhala zitsulo inclusions mu zitsanzo zitsulo zotayidwa anafotokozedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zosakhala zitsulo inclusions mu njira zinayi zosungunula ndi kuyenga zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitsulo foundries anatchulidwanso.
New Gapower Metalndi katswiri Free kudula zitsulo wopanga.Zogulitsa zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza 1212 1213 1214 1215 1140 1144 12l13 12l14,12l15 11SMn30 etc. Makasitomala atha kupeza mtundu wonse wa chubu womwe amafunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-25-2023