Njira yotenthetsera, kugwira, ndi kuziziritsa chitsulo cholimba kuti chiwongolere kapena kusintha zinthu zake ndi microstructure zimatchedwa kutentha kutentha.Malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana za chithandizo cha kutentha, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha, zomwe zingathe kugawidwa m'magulu awa:
(1)Annealing: Mu ng'anjo yotenthetsera kutentha, chitsulocho chimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina mpaka 300-500 ℃ pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo microstructure yake idzasintha gawo kapena kusintha pang'ono.Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chikatenthedwa ndi kutentha uku, pearlite idzasandulika kukhala austenite.Kenaka sungani kutentha kwa kanthawi, kenaka muziziziritsa pang'onopang'ono (nthawi zambiri ndi kuzizira kwa ng'anjo) mpaka zitatulutsidwa kutentha.Njira yonseyi imatchedwa chithandizo cha annealing.Cholinga cha annealing ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumapangidwa pakugwira ntchito yotentha, homogenize microstructure yachitsulo (kuti mupeze kapangidwe koyenera), kukonza zida zamakina (monga kuchepetsa kuuma, kukulitsa pulasitiki, kulimba, ndi mphamvu), ndikuwongolera kudula. ntchito.Kutengera ndi njira ya annealing, imatha kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zowotchera, monga kuphatikizira wamba, kuphatikizira kawiri, kuphatikizira kuphatikizika, kusothermal annealing, spheroidizing annealing, recrystallization annealing, kuwala kowala, kutsekereza kwathunthu, kusakwanira, etc.
(2)Normalizing: Mu ng'anjo yochizira kutentha, zitsulo zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kwina kwa 200-600 ℃ pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, kotero kuti microstructure imasandulika kukhala yunifolomu austenite (mwachitsanzo, pa kutentha uku, ferrite imasinthidwa kwathunthu. mu austenite muzitsulo, kapena simenti yachiwiri imasungunuka kwathunthu mu austenite), ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako imayikidwa mumlengalenga kuti iziziritsa zachilengedwe (kuphatikiza kuzizira kozizira, kuyika kwa kuziziritsa kwachilengedwe, kapena zidutswa zamunthu zachilengedwe. kuzirala mu mpweya wodekha), ndipo njira yonseyi imatchedwa normalizing.Normalizing ndi njira yapadera ya annealing, yomwe, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwake mofulumira kusiyana ndi annealing, imatha kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri ndi microstructure yofanana, kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kuuma kwachitsulo, ndikukhala ndi makina abwino omveka bwino.
(3) Kuzimitsa: Mu ng'anjo yochizira kutentha, chitsulo chimatenthedwa pamlingo wina wotentha mpaka 300-500 ℃ pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu, kotero kuti microstructure imasandulika kukhala austenite yunifolomu.Atatha kuigwira kwa nthawi, imakhazikika mofulumira (sing'anga yozizira imaphatikizapo madzi, mafuta, madzi amchere, madzi amchere, ndi zina zotero) kuti apeze dongosolo la martensitic, lomwe lingathe kusintha kwambiri mphamvu, kuuma, ndi kuvala kukana kwachitsulo. .Kuzizira kofulumira pakuzimitsa kumabweretsa kusinthika kwamapangidwe komwe kumapangitsa kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamkati ndikuwonjezera brittleness.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kapena kukalamba munthawi yake kuti mupeze mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolimba kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, kuzimitsa kokha sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Malinga ndi chinthu ndi cholinga cha quenching mankhwala, quenching mankhwala akhoza kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana quenching monga quenching wamba, quenching wathunthu, quenching chosakwanira, quenching isothermal, graded quenching, quenching yowala, mkulu-pafupipafupi kuzimitsa, etc.
(4) Kuzimitsa pamwamba: Iyi ndi njira yapadera yozimitsira mankhwala yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera monga kutentha kwa lawi, kutentha kwafupipafupi, kutentha kwafupipafupi, kutentha kwamagetsi, kutentha kwamagetsi, kutentha kwa electrolyte, etc. chitsulo pamwamba pa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mwamsanga kuziziziritsa kutentha kusanalowe mkati mwachitsulo (ie quenching chithandizo)
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-08-2023