Zifukwa otsika kutentha embrittlement ozizira adagulung'undisa machubu

The ozizira brittleness (kapena otsika-kutentha embrittlement chizolowezi) waozizira adagulung'undisa machubupa ntchito akuimiridwa ndi toughness brittleness kusintha kutentha Tc.Tc yachitsulo choyera kwambiri (0.01% C) ili pa -100C, ndipo pansi pa kutentha kumeneku, imakhala yokhazikika.Zinthu zambiri za aloyi m'mapaipi achitsulo oziziritsidwa bwino amawonjezera kulimba kwa brittleness kusintha kutentha kwa mipope yachitsulo yowoneka bwino, ndikuwonjezera chizolowezi chozizira kwambiri.Pamene ductile fracture imachitika pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda, pamwamba pa kuphulika kwa mipope yachitsulo yowoneka bwino kwambiri imakhala yowoneka ngati dimple, pamene fracture ya brittle imapezeka pa kutentha kochepa, ndi fracture ya cleavage.

Chifukwa chotsika kutentha kwa machubu owala ozizira ndi awa:

(1) Pamene dislocations kwaiye gwero dislocation pa mapindikidwe otsekedwa ndi zopinga (monga malire a tirigu kapena equivalences wachiwiri), kupsyinjika m'deralo kuposa mphamvu ongoyerekeza ozizira adagulung'undisa mwatsatanetsatane mipope zitsulo owala, chifukwa microcracks.

(2) Kuduka kangapo kumapanga kachipangizo kakang'ono pamalire a tirigu.

(3) Kuchitapo kanthu pa mphambano ya magulu awiri otsetsereka, kuchititsa kusuntha kosasunthika% 26lt;010% 26gt, ndi microcrack yooneka ngati mphero yomwe imatha kusweka pamphepete mwa ndege.

Zomwe zimakhudza kuzizira kozizira kwa machubu owala ozizira ndi awa:

(1) Zinthu zolimbitsa njira zolimba.Phosphorous kumawonjezera toughness brittleness kusintha kutentha kwambiri;Palinso molybdenum, titaniyamu, ndi vanadium;Zomwe zili zotsika, zotsatira zake sizikhala zazikulu, pomwe zomwe zili pamwambazi, zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kutentha kwakusintha kwa brittleness zimaphatikizapo silicon, chromium, ndi mkuwa.Zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha kwa kusintha kwa brittleness zimaphatikizapo faifi tambala, ndi zinthu zomwe zimayamba kuchepa kenako ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwakusintha kwa brittleness zimaphatikizapo manganese.

(2) Zinthu zomwe zimapanga gawo lachiwiri.Chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera kuzizira kozizira kwa mipope yachitsulo yowoneka bwino ndi gawo lachiwiri ndi kaboni.Pamene zinthu za kaboni m'mapaipi achitsulo owala bwino omwe amawongoleredwa ndi ozizira, kuchuluka kwa pearlite m'mipope yachitsulo yowoneka bwino kumawonjezeka.Pa avareji, pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% kwa voliyumu ya pearlite, kutentha kwamphamvu kwa brittleness kumawonjezeka ndi 2.2 ℃ pafupifupi.

(3) Zotsatira za carbon content pa brittleness mu ferritic pearlite chitsulo.Kuphatikizika kwa ma microalloying monga titaniyamu, niobium, ndi vanadium mafomu obalalitsa ma nitrides kapena ma carbonitrides, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa mipope yachitsulo yowala bwino.

(4) Kukula kwa tirigu kumakhudza kutentha kwa kusintha kwa kuuma kwa brittleness, ndipo pamene mbewuyo imakula, kutentha kwa brittleness kumawonjezeka.Kuyenga kukula kwa njere kumachepetsa chizolowezi chozizira chozizira m'mapaipi achitsulo owala bwino, omwe ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.